Adaad · Volume 1, Issue 3 · Wednesday 14 October 2026 · Politics, law and society

Research datasets / Issue 2026-10

Bengali and representation: Constituent Assembly votes

Six division comparisons, a voting network, advocates and recorded positions on the 1956 language clause.

Read the analysis →

Source and definitions

National Assembly of Pakistan Constituent Assembly debates, digitised by Aiwan-e-Jamhoor; Adaad transcription and coding.

Member and vote counts; shares use the recorded participants specified for each division; network links count joint voting.

bengali_divisions.csv

Download CSV · 12 rows

bengali_divisions.csv — data as published
orderdateassemblymotiongroupvoted_forrecordedhouse_ayeshouse_noeshouse_result
11948-05-18CA1Require members to be permanent residents with sole allegiance; President decidesopposed_postponement17239carried
11948-05-18CA1Require members to be permanent residents with sole allegiance; President decidesbacked_postponement1113239carried
21949-03-12CA1Remove the sovereignty and sacred trust paragraph from the Objectives Resolutionopposed_postponement771021lost
21949-03-12CA1Remove the sovereignty and sacred trust paragraph from the Objectives Resolutionbacked_postponement2121021lost
31950-10-04CA1Add grounds, legal advice and review boards for preventive detentionopposed_postponement11111435lost
31950-10-04CA1Add grounds, legal advice and review boards for preventive detentionbacked_postponement1241435lost
41952-04-19CA1Open East Bengal general seats to all communities, with minority reservationsopposed_postponement10111031lost
41952-04-19CA1Open East Bengal general seats to all communities, with minority reservationsbacked_postponement0291031lost
51953-10-29CA1Add an explicit prohibition on detention without trialopposed_postponement9101134lost
51953-10-29CA1Add an explicit prohibition on detention without trialbacked_postponement0231134lost
61953-10-30CA1Exempt non-Muslim personal law from the Quran and Sunnah provisionopposed_postponement10121233lost
61953-10-30CA1Exempt non-Muslim personal law from the Quran and Sunnah provisionbacked_postponement2221233lost

bengali_network_members.csv

Download CSV · 36 rows

bengali_network_members.csv — data as published
idmembergrouplanguage_1952_04_10regioncommunitycommunity_basiscommunity_sourcelinks
R015Akshay Kumar Das13 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalHinduPositive Economic Analysis of the Constitutions, §2.18, p. 97https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2013/0468/pdf/das.pdf12
U002Bhabesh Chandra Nandy13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduHansard, 1950-10-06, PDF p. 16https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434692953_648.pdf#page=1612
R017Bhupendra Kumar Datta13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduHansard, 1949-03-09, PDF p. 4https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434604243_669.pdf#page=412
R028Birat Chandra Mandal13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduHansard, 1953-10-14, PDF p. 2 (named by Prem Hari Barma as one of the four Scheduled Caste members)https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1435051954_527.pdf#page=210
R035Dhananjoy Roy13 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalHinduHansard, 1952-04-19, PDF p. 37 (identified as a Scheduled Caste member)https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434950503_508.pdf#page=379
R016Dhirendra Nath Datta13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduHansard, 1952-04-19, PDF p. 21https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434950503_508.pdf#page=2112
R041Harendra Kumar Sur13 membersnot_recordedEast BengalNot establishedUnavailableUnavailable9
R026Jnanendra Chandra Majumdar13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduHansard, 1953-10-23, PDF p. 5https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1435052335_506.pdf#page=512
U001Kamini Kumar Datta13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduHansard, 1952-04-10, PDF p. 12https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434949932_301.pdf#page=1210
R009Prem Hari Barma13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduMuhammad Auwn, Silent Divide (2023), p. 21https://www.etd.ceu.edu/2023/auwn_muhammad.pdf12
R010Raj Kumar Chakraverty13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduHistoric blunder, The Friday Times, 14 March 2014https://www.thefridaytimes.com/14-Mar-2014/historic-blunder12
R067Seth Sukhdev13 membersopposed_postponementSindHinduHansard, 1950-01-06, PDF p. 36https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434619012_396.pdf#page=3610
R011Sris Chandra Chattopadhyaya13 membersopposed_postponementEast BengalHinduHansard, 1952-04-18, PDF p. 5https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434950429_609.pdf#page=512
R066Abdul Basher Mahmood Hussain23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1953-10-24, PDF p. 48https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1435052403_523.pdf#page=4817
R004Abdul Kasem Khan23 membersnot_recordedEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1950-10-06, PDF p. 36https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434692953_648.pdf#page=369
R071Abdul Monem Khan23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1953-10-24, PDF p. 51https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1435052403_523.pdf#page=5113
R001Abdullah-al Mahmood23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-04-18, PDF p. 22https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434950429_609.pdf#page=2217
R002Abdullah-el Baqui23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalNot establishedUnavailableUnavailable17
R053Abdur Rab Khan Nishtar23 membersbacked_postponementPunjabMuslimHansard, 1952-04-15, PDF p. 29https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434950049_123.pdf#page=2918
R072Asadullah23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1953-10-27, PDF p. 10https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1435052525_804.pdf#page=1013
R018Ebrahim Khan23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-03-20, PDF p. 15https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434949764_494.pdf#page=1517
R020Fazlur Rahman23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-04-18, PDF p. 22https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434950429_609.pdf#page=2222
R034Ishtiaq Husain Qureshi23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-04-10, PDF p. 22https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434949932_301.pdf#page=2214
R039Khwaja Shahabuddin23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-04-16, PDF p. 7https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434950147_531.pdf#page=712
R023Liaquat Ali Khan23 membersnot_recordedEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1951-03-17, PDF p. 2https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434704783_225.pdf#page=212
R024Mafizuddin Ahmad23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1953-10-13, PDF p. 8https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1435051858_329.pdf#page=813
R025Mahmud Husain23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-04-10, PDF p. 27https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434949932_301.pdf#page=2722
R005Mohammad Akram Khan23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-04-10, PDF p. 24https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434949932_301.pdf#page=2422
R062Muhammad Hashim Gazder23 membersbacked_postponementSindMuslimHansard, 1952-04-10, PDF p. 19https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434949932_301.pdf#page=1919
R032Nur Ahmed23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-04-15, PDF p. 6https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434950049_123.pdf#page=622
R055Omar Hayat Malik23 membersnot_recordedPunjabMuslimHansard, 1949-03-12, PDF p. 14https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434604343_885.pdf#page=1410
R061Pirzada Abdus Sattar Abdur Rahman23 membersbacked_postponementSindMuslimHansard, 1952-04-10, PDF p. 30https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434949932_301.pdf#page=3017
R059Sardar Bahadur Khan23 membersnot_recordedN.-W.F.P.MuslimHansard, 1950-11-21, PDF p. 10https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434693165_841.pdf#page=1022
R037Serajul Islam23 membersnot_recordedEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1950-10-04, PDF p. 20https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434692868_978.pdf#page=2012
R065Shahoodul Haque23 membersbacked_postponementEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1952-12-22, PDF p. 26https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434952580_649.pdf#page=2617
R022Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah23 membersnot_recordedEast BengalMuslimHansard, 1951-04-11, PDF p. 8https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1434704847_611.pdf#page=813

bengali_network_links.csv

Download CSV · 257 rows

bengali_network_links.csv — first 50 rows; download the CSV for the full table
abagreementshared_sittingsshared_divisions
R001R002136
R001R004134
R001R005147
R001R018148
R001R020147
R001R022135
R001R024148
R001R025147
R001R032159
R001R053147
R001R059147
R001R061136
R001R062145
R001R065148
R001R066148
R001R071148
R001R072148
R002R005148
R002R018137
R002R020159
R002R022134
R002R023146
R002R025159
R002R032159
R002R034148
R002R037146
R002R039146
R002R053135
R002R059158
R002R061159
R002R062146
R002R065137
R002R066137
R004R005133
R004R020133
R004R022134
R004R025133
R004R032145
R004R053145
R004R055134
R004R059134
R005R018159
R005R020159
R005R022134
R005R023135
R005R024147
R005R025159
R005R0321610
R005R034148
R005R037135

bengali_advocates.csv

Download CSV · 10 rows

bengali_advocates.csv — data as published
memberlanguage_1952_04_10general_seats_1952_04_19personal_law_1953_10_30
Raj Kumar Chakravertyreject_delayforfor
Kamini Kumar Dattareject_delayforfor
Bhabesh Chandra Nandyreject_delayforfor
Dhirendra Nath Dattareject_delayforfor
Seth Sukhdevreject_delayforfor
Sris Chandra Chattopadhyayareject_delayforfor
Shaukat Hyat Khanreject_delayagainstagainst
Asadullah Jan Khanreject_delaynot_listedagainst
Nur Ahmedpostponeagainstagainst
A. K. Fazlul Huqnot_listednot_listednot_listed

bengali_1956_positions.csv

Download CSV · 8 rows

bengali_1956_positions.csv — data as published
speakerenglish_continuation
Mahmud Aliten_years_or_less
Zahiruddinten_years_or_less
Sheikh Mujibur Rahmanten_years_or_less
Nurur Rahmanten_years_or_less
Ataur Rahman Khanten_years_or_less
Adeluddin Ahmadtwenty_year_provision
Hamidul Huq Choudhurytwenty_year_provision
Muhammad Abdul Khalequeno_position

Reuse and citation

Hiba Sameen / Adaad (2026). Bengali and representation: Constituent Assembly votes. https://adaad.org/datasets/pakistan-bengali-assembly-votes/. Adaad’s original analysis is CC BY 4.0. Underlying third-party data retain their own terms. Please credit Adaad and the original sources.

Full source and method notes · Corrections